Encapsulation
Domain: Programming Fundamentals
🎯 Motivation
Hiding internal details and only exposing a clean interface prevents other code from accidentally breaking things.
📋 Concrete Example
A BankAccount class hides its balance variable. You can only change it through deposit() and withdraw() methods that check rules.
🔗 Analogy
A car’s engine - you don’t directly control the spark plugs. You press the gas pedal (interface), and the engine’s internals (encapsulated details) handle the rest.